Biography of Ronald E. McNair (Ph.D.) - NASA Astronaut

Biography of Ronald E. McNair (Ph.D.) - NASA Astronaut Each year, NASA and members of the space community remember the astronauts lost when the space shuttle  Challenger  exploded after launch  from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida on January 28, 1986.   Dr. Ronald E. McNair was a member of that crew. He was a decorated NASA astronaut, scientist, and talented musician. He perished along with the spacecraft commander, F.R. Dick Scobee, the pilot, Commander M.J. Smith (USN), mission specialists, Lieutenant Colonel E.S. Onizuka (USAF), and  Dr. Judith.A. Resnik, and two civilian payload specialists, Mr. G.B. Jarvis and Mrs. S. Christa McAuliffe, the teacher-in-space astronaut. The Life and Times of Dr. McNair Ronald E. McNair was born October 21, 1950, in Lake City, South Carolina. He loved sports, and as an adult, he became a 5th-degree black belt karate instructor. His musical tastes tended toward jazz, and he was an accomplished saxophonist. He also enjoyed running, boxing, football, playing cards, and cooking. As a child, McNair was known to be a voracious reader. This led to an often-told story that he went to the local library (which served only white citizens at the time) to check out books. The tale, as recalled by his brother Carl, ended with a young Ronald McNair being told he couldnt check any books out and the librarian called his mother to come get him. Ron told them hed wait. The police arrived, and the officer simply asked the librarian, Why dont you just give him the books?   She did.   Years later, the same library was named in Ronald McNairs memory in Lake City.   McNair graduated from Carver High School in 1967; received his BS in Physics from North Carolina AT State University in 1971 and earned a Ph.D. in physics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1976. He received an honorary doctorate of Laws from North Caroline AT State University in 1978, an honorary doctorate of Science from Morris College in 1980, and an honorary doctorate of science from the University of South Carolina in 1984. McNair: the Astronaut-Scientist While at MIT, Dr. McNair made some major contributions in physics. For example, he performed some of earliest development of chemical hydrogen-fluoride and high-pressure carbon monoxide lasers. His later experiments and theoretical analysis on the interaction of intense CO2 (carbon dioxide) laser radiation with molecular gases provided new understandings and applications for highly excited polyatomic molecules. In 1975, McNair spent time researching laser physics at   E’cole D’ete Theorique de Physique, Les Houches, France. He published several papers in areas of lasers and molecular spectroscopy and gave many presentations in U.S. and abroad. Following his graduation from MIT, Dr. McNair became a staff physicist with Hughes Research Laboratories in Malibu, California. His assignments included the development of lasers for isotope separation and photochemistry utilizing non-linear interactions in low-temperature liquids and optical pumping techniques. He also conducted research on electro-optic laser modulation for satellite-to-satellite space communications, the construction of ultra-fast infrared detectors, ultraviolet atmospheric remote sensing. Ronald McNair: Astronaut McNair was selected as an astronaut candidate by NASA in January 1978. He completed the one-year training and evaluation period and qualified for assignment as a mission specialist astronaut on space shuttle flight crews. His first experience as a mission specialist was on STS 41-B, aboard Challenger. It was launched from Kennedy Space Center on February 3, 1984. He was part of a crew that included spacecraft commander, Mr. Vance Brand, the pilot, Cdr. Robert L. Gibson, and fellow mission specialists, Capt. Bruce McCandless II, and Lt. Col. Robert L. Stewart. The flight accomplished proper shuttle deployment of two Hughes 376 communications satellites, and the flight testing of rendezvous sensors and computer programs. It also marked the first flight of the Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU) and the first use of the Canadian arm (operated by McNair) to position EVA crewman around Challenger’s payload bay. Other projects for the flight were the deployment of the German SPAS-01 Satellite, a set of acoustic levitation and chemical separation experiments, Cinema 360 motion picture filming, five Getaway Specials (small experimental packages), and numerous mid-deck experiments. Dr. McNair had primary resp onsibility for all of the payload projects. His flight on that  Challenger mission  culminated in first landing on the runway at Kennedy Space Center on February 11, 1984. His last flight was also aboard Challenger, and he never made it to space.  In  addition to his duties as a mission specialist for the ill-fated mission, McNair had worked up a musical piece with French composer Jean-Michel Jarre. McNair intended to perform a saxophone solo with Jarre while on orbit. The recording would have appeared on the album Rendez-Vous with McNairs performance. Instead, it was recorded in his memory by saxophonist Pierre Gossez,  and is dedicated to McNairs memory. Honors and Recognition Dr. McNair was honored throughout his career, beginning in college. He graduated magna cum laude from North Carolina AT (‘71) and was named Presidential Scholar (‘67-’71). He was a Ford Foundation Fellow (‘71-’74) and a National Fellowship Fund Fellow (‘74-’75), NATO Fellow (‘75). He won the Omega Psi Phi Scholar of Year Award (‘75), Los Angeles Public School System’s Service Commendation (‘79), Distinguished Alumni Award (‘79), National Society of Black Professional Engineers Distinguished National Scientist Award (‘79), Friend of Freedom Award (‘81), Who’s Who Among Black Americans (‘80), an AAU Karate Gold Medal (‘76), and also worked up Regional Blackbelt Karate Championships. Ronald McNair has a number of schools and other buildings named for him, plus memorials, and other facilities. The music he was supposed to play onboard Challenger does appear on Jarres eight album, and is called Rons Piece.   Edited by Carolyn Collins Petersen.

Biography of Controversial Rap Group Public Enemy

Biography of Controversial Rap Group Public Enemy By tackling racism head-on in songs such as â€Å"Burn Hollywood Burn,† â€Å"911 Is a Joke† and â€Å"By the Time I Get to Arizona,† rap outfit Public Enemy emerged during the late 1980s as one of the most politically charged music groups in history. This Public Enemy biography shows how the militant rappers rose to stardom. Early Years With members DJ Terminator X, choreographer Professor Griff and MCs Flavor Flav and Chuck D., the Long Island group formed in 1982. Public Enemy’s first album, Yo! Bum Rush the Show, dropped five years later on Def Jam Records. Despite praise from critics and hardcore hip-hop fans, the album failed to make an imprint on mainstream music lovers. That group’s next release, It Takes a Nation of Millions to Hold Us Back, would be received much differently. Released in 1988, the album exposed the masses to Flavor Flav’s high-octane comic antics, Chuck D.’s vitriolic rhymes and the martial arts-infused choreography of Griff set to aggressive mixing and hard-hitting beats. It Takes a Nation†¦ spawned the hits â€Å"Bring the Noise† and â€Å"Don’t Believe the Hype.† Featuring excerpts of speeches made by controversial black figures Malcolm X and Louis Farrakhan, the album went on to sell more than a million copies. In 2003, Rolling Stone named It Takes a Nation†¦ No. 48 on its list of the 500 greatest albums. â€Å"Loud, obnoxious, funky, avant-garde, political, uncompromising, hilarious- Public Enemy’s brilliant second album is all of these things and, on nearly every track, all at once,† Rolling Stone characterized the album. A Boost From Spike Lee When Spike Lee featured â€Å"Public Enemy’s† single â€Å"Fight the Power† on the soundtrack to his 1989 film â€Å"Do the Right Thing,† the politically charged rap group built on the popularity its second album had already garnered for it. With fame, of course, often comes backlash, which Public Enemy faced when member Professor Griff, and later Chuck D., were accused of making anti-Semitic remarks. Whatever damage was caused by the controversy vanished with the 1990 release of Fear of a Black Planet. The album produced five hit singles, including â€Å"Welcome to the Terrordome,† which addresses the group’s trials and tribulations and led to more accusations of anti-Semitism because of the line, â€Å"they got me like Jesus.† The first album of Public Enemy to enter the Billboard Top 10, Fear of a Black Planet also scored a Grammy nomination. A Rocky Transition Public Enemy continued to garner both critical and commercial praise with the release of 1991’s Apocalypse 91. Chart-toppers from the album include â€Å"Can’t Truss It† and â€Å"Shut Em Down.† After Apocalypse, however, the group would endure a dry spell of sorts. Critics panned its 1992 remix album, Greatest Misses, while its 1994 album, Muse Sick-N-Hour Mess Age, lost momentum on the Billboard 100 soon after its release. During the ’90s not only did Public Enemy struggle to remain on top, group member Flavor Flav suffered a litany of legal troubles allegedly stemming from drug addiction. By this time, the group had lost Terminator X and producer Hank Shocklee. And Chuck D. had already ousted Professor Griff from the group during the turmoil following the anti-Semitism controversy. As the group underwent a painful transition, Chuck D. didn’t falter. He arranged a tour with heavy metal band Anthrax and founded a record label, among other side projects. Public Enemy’s Revival When Spike Lee’s film He Got Game debuted, Public Enemy found itself in the spotlight once more. That’s because the director enlisted the group to record the film’s soundtrack. For the project, the original members of Public Enemy returned, their combined efforts resulting in the â€Å"He Got Game† soundtrack reaching No. 26 on the Billboard Hot 100. Although the group has lost the stronghold it had on audiences during its heyday, Public Enemy continues to put out a copious amount of music. In the 21st centurys first decade, the group dropped five albums: 1999’s There’s a Poison Goin’ On, 2002’s Revolverlution, 2005’s New Whirl Odor, 2006’s Rebirth of a Nation and 2007’s How You Sell Soul to a Soulless People Who Sold Their Soul?  Public Enemy continues to tour as well, appearing at many festivals, including the popular Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival in 2009. Public Enemy was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame for the class of 2013.

Public Policy in the UK Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Public Policy in the UK - Assignment Example Poverty was described as the economic state of â€Å"all the people without income from property or profession and therefore dependent on their manual labor for a living† (Cowherd. 1977; pp.1-2). These poor were distributed across the land and were not clustered together and therefore could not be organized.   The problems arose from rapid urbanization and clustering of demographic units around major industrial centers after the industrial revolution. This increased the visibility of the poor and their destitution, so poignantly documented in Dickensonian literary genre,   on one hand, and led to coalescing of poor into the extra-state organization like trade unions etc. on the other hand. Repression of organized poor during ‘the period between the French Revolution and the later 1820s should be of severe repression as reflected in Combination Acts and the use of Military Force to quell Luddites in 1812’ (Daunton. 1995). However this repressive regime was seen to be counterproductive and it can be seen that ‘from the mid-1830s   to 1850s the repression eased out and major advances for working-class organizations such as trade unions, cooperative societies and friendly societies’ emerged (Crafts.1997). This trend shows that Public Policy response had tacitly admitted the political legitimacy of the organized poor. This admission also meant that an appropriate response was to be given at the state level to demands of organized poor. This point on the historical space-time continuum can be termed as the beginning of welfare policy in the UK. Another dimension of change in the perception of policy makers relates to the impact of Laissez-fare economic policy. ‘By 1830s income and real wages increased and civil rights improved markedly but there was a perceptible decline in mortality conditions and heights, indicating a decline in living conditions of the poor’ (ibid). This presented a new policy paradox to the deci sion makers. The existing belief about the correlation between income increase and the general state of living was not materializing. The state needed to review its bystander status according to Laissez-fare non-intervention principles. The side-effects of Capitalism were becoming starkly observable.

How do breakfast show presenters create a lively and engaging Coursework

How do breakfast show presenters create a lively and engaging atmosphere on their radio shows - Coursework Example Steve Price Breakfast Show on the subject of carbon tax legislation illustrates the key features of spoken language that distinguishes it from written language. The topic of the subject focused on the divisions within the ranks of the Australian Labor Party (ALP), environmental activists, and the public. The breakfast show presenter was Luke Grant. The guest of the breakfast show was Greg Hunt, who plays the role of shadow spokesperson on the matter of climate change. The unique features of spoken language that make it possible for the discussants to explore the different perspectives of the subject matter enhance the discussion between the two. The show is interactional in nature and addresses itself to the subject of environmental conservation policies in Australia. Naturally, the primary target audience is the Australian public. This show captures their interest because of the growing concern on matters of environmental conservation. The different policies taken by the government and other interested parties have both long-term and short-term effects on the general population. The secondary audience includes the political class, the business community, and the wider global citizenry because the subject matter is both global and local in nature. The interactional language employed in the show engages the mind of the audience in the sense that they are able to apply their analytical skills in real-time as the show progresses. They are also able to discern the merits of the arguments by pointing out the logical and illogical parts within the debate. At the beginning of the show, the presenter introduces the subject matter through questions: â€Å"Where are we in terms of this debate? It does look a little like game over, doesn’t it?† (Latest News, 2011). These two questions have the effect of attracting the keen interest and concern of the audience. The questions, in their spoken context, imply the possibility of some form of a crisis. Although wr itten language also employs the use of questions, their import, when assessed in the context of spoken language produces a more dramatic effect. This is because questions are rendered in a regulated volume, pitch, and tone. These qualities are very significant in enhancing the meaning-making process. The questions also prepare the audience for the debate since the rest of the debate becomes an effort to resolve the two questions at the beginning. A second sentence by the presenter is equally significant in the context of the spoken language. Grant interrupts the guest with the sentence, â€Å"Glad to hear that, by the way†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Latest News, 2011). The value of this sentence could be seen both in terms of its interruptive nature and in terms of its ungrammatical form. The sentence interrupts the initial statement made by Hunt. Interruptions are common features in spoken language in the sense that they enable the clarification of matters or change of focus towards the matter s pertinent to the discussion. It is possible to perceive the value of interruptions as a strategic tool for enhancing the rules of logic as understood within the framework of the discussion. The same sentence is grammatically incorrect. In both form and structure, spoken language tends to assume different aspects from written language. This is because

Yellow Fever Epidemic Essay Example for Free

Yellow Fever Epidemic Essay When Mattie Cook survived the Yellow Fever Epidemic that swept through Philadelphia in 1793, her whole life was changed. Both her character the circumstances of her life changed a lot. Also, her relationships and responsibilities have changed too. Before the epidemic, Mattie was just an average teenager with the same problems most teens had. But after the epidemic, Mattie’s life became very different. Before the yellow fever, Mattie lived with her Mother and her Grandfather. After the fever ended, Mattie lived with her mother, Nell, Eliza, Joseph, Robert, and William. Also, before mother got sick with yellow fever, she ran the coffeehouse, took care of Mattie, and woke up early to take care of chores. But after the epidemic, Mattie ran the coffeehouse in a partnership with Eliza, has too help take care of the children, and is the one who now gets up to take care of chores. She now has to take on a lot more responsibilities than before the epidemic. Mattie’s relationships also have changed. She now admits to herself now that she likes Nathaniel Benson. After the epidemic she and Nathaniel have both matured have a more easy and confident relationship. She now views Eliza, Joseph, Nell, Robert, and William like family and feels responsible for them. During the fever, Mattie’s character also changed a lot. She is now more grateful for all that she has and realizes how lucky she was to have survived. She has also matured, become more conservative and knows how to look after herself. Although Mattie is still grieving for Grandfather, Polly, and all of the other victims of the yellow fever, she is very grateful that her mother is safe and well. She is also grateful that Nell, Eliza, Robert, William, Joseph, and Nathaniel Benson have survived.

Deforestation: Conservation and Sociological Effects Essay -- Environm

Deforestation: Conservation and Sociological Effects Introduction Top Forests have covered the earth for millions of years, providing habitat and food for animals and humans. These forests have stabilized different ecosystems and have continued the natural cycle that keeps plants and animals in check. The discovery of fire changed all of this. It was the beginning of deforestation, a process that has continued and increased over the last 200,000 years. Humans are the responsible party for the deforestation that has occurred. Humans discovered that animals could be driven with fire. This led to accelerated forest loss due to uncontrolled burning for hunting use (Miller & Tangley 1991: 28). Agriculture was the next problem discovery. Agriculture introduced land clearing of forested areas for crops. Suddenly forests were being destroyed at a faster rate. The 18th and 19th centuries brought about the Industrial Revolution, and soon people were moving from the rural country to the more urbanized cities for job reasons. Forests were cleared for villages that turned into small towns that became cities. As the cities grew more forest was cleared. The solution to space needs was solved by clearing more forest. This was the history of many of the more developed nations (Richard & Tucker 1988: 213). The United States has been irresponsible in the past with handling their forests. The focus was on industry, consumerism and success. There was no room for saving the forests. There are different stories in other countries. Deforestation is also a problem in third world countries, but for different reasons. The first half of the deforestation history is similar, but development didn't go quite like that of Western Europe and the Unite... ...urning, Alan Thein. Saving the Forests: What Will It Take? Washington, D.C.: Worldwatch Institute, 1993. Gradwohl, Judith, and Russell Greenberg. Saving the Tropical Forests. Washington, D.C.: Island Press, 1988. Miller, Kenton, and Laura Tangley. Trees of Life. Boston, MA: Beacon Press, 1991. Peluso, Nancy Lee. Rich Forests, Poor People: Resource Control and Resistance in Java. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1992. Richards, John F., and Richard P. Tucker. World Deforestation in the Twentieth Century. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1988. Schmidt, Ralph, Joyce K. Berry, John C. Gordon. Forests to Fight Poverty. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1999. Vandermeer, John H., and Ivette Perfecto. Breakfast of Biodiversity. Oakland, CA: Institute for Food and Development Policy, 1995. Deforestation: Conservation and Sociological Effects Essay -- Environm Deforestation: Conservation and Sociological Effects Introduction Top Forests have covered the earth for millions of years, providing habitat and food for animals and humans. These forests have stabilized different ecosystems and have continued the natural cycle that keeps plants and animals in check. The discovery of fire changed all of this. It was the beginning of deforestation, a process that has continued and increased over the last 200,000 years. Humans are the responsible party for the deforestation that has occurred. Humans discovered that animals could be driven with fire. This led to accelerated forest loss due to uncontrolled burning for hunting use (Miller & Tangley 1991: 28). Agriculture was the next problem discovery. Agriculture introduced land clearing of forested areas for crops. Suddenly forests were being destroyed at a faster rate. The 18th and 19th centuries brought about the Industrial Revolution, and soon people were moving from the rural country to the more urbanized cities for job reasons. Forests were cleared for villages that turned into small towns that became cities. As the cities grew more forest was cleared. The solution to space needs was solved by clearing more forest. This was the history of many of the more developed nations (Richard & Tucker 1988: 213). The United States has been irresponsible in the past with handling their forests. The focus was on industry, consumerism and success. There was no room for saving the forests. There are different stories in other countries. Deforestation is also a problem in third world countries, but for different reasons. The first half of the deforestation history is similar, but development didn't go quite like that of Western Europe and the Unite... ...urning, Alan Thein. Saving the Forests: What Will It Take? Washington, D.C.: Worldwatch Institute, 1993. Gradwohl, Judith, and Russell Greenberg. Saving the Tropical Forests. Washington, D.C.: Island Press, 1988. Miller, Kenton, and Laura Tangley. Trees of Life. Boston, MA: Beacon Press, 1991. Peluso, Nancy Lee. Rich Forests, Poor People: Resource Control and Resistance in Java. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1992. Richards, John F., and Richard P. Tucker. World Deforestation in the Twentieth Century. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1988. Schmidt, Ralph, Joyce K. Berry, John C. Gordon. Forests to Fight Poverty. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1999. Vandermeer, John H., and Ivette Perfecto. Breakfast of Biodiversity. Oakland, CA: Institute for Food and Development Policy, 1995.

Human Physical Appearance

How many times have you formed an impression of someone even before you got to know him or her well? How many times you felt bad because you were judged? Why do people misjudge? It is because, we’re human. We all misjudge all the time. It is easy to misjudge people based on outward appearances. People nowadays are judgmental; they’re basing their behavior towards others through physical appearance. Though appearances people create their own stereotypes and misjudge the other person.It is easy to create a mental prototype through basing something on an individual’s physical attributes. Almost everyone in his or her lifetime has misjudged someone at least once in her/his lifetimes. A lot of times people misjudge others by the way they look and a lot of people do not know how that it can sometimes affect or hurt someone. We know that it is wrong for other people to look upon others and judge them but nobody is perfect. People misjudged others is by their appearance because they think that appearance is everything.In conclusion, everyone has either been misjudged or judged at least once in his/her lifetime. Misjudging someone can be very unfair to others and in some cases you never know when other people are going through the same thing as you had gone through at some point of your life. Nobody should judge a person by their appearance. When people misjudge other people, they don’t give them the chance to experience a good and healthy life without being hurt by what others say and think. Lastly, nobody wants anyone o misjudge other in any kind of way.

The Ancient City of Uruk

The metropolis of Uruk was at its most influential from 4000-3000 BCE, and its rise and enlargement can be partly attributed to the absence of prestige stuffs in the southern alluvial sediment ( Joffe 1994, 512 ) . Low entree to these stuffs led to the desire for trade and the formation of extended relationships with other metropoliss, which, along with other factors, led to the enlargement of Uruk, an event which can be displayed by a rapid population addition and drastic societal alteration. Previously, the belief that Uruk had low entree to raw stuffs was widespread, but this belief is baseless, as Uruk had about everything it needed but lumber. It has been observed that most local trees and reeds may hold served for Uruk’s demand for wood, demuring the edifice of big, monumental public architecture ( Joffe 1994, 514 ) . Though the alluvial field was fertile and rich, a premier topographic point for agribusiness, and so had most resources needed for endurance, Uruk’s entree to luxury stuffs was highly low. It has been argued that a chief stuff that drove the demand for trade was lumber, but this has been disputed by the fact that most monumental edifices in Uruk are composed of gypsum, which was a locally sourced rock, every bit good as the aforesaid beginning of local trees and reeds ( Joffe 1994, 513 ) . The cardinal thrust for trade was most likely the desire for luxury points such as semi-precious rocks and metals, objects which have been found within Uruk though they were sourced from rather far off. Evidence of this long-distance trade is found within entombments of a manner which moved off from that of the Ubaid period with the add-on of sedate goods ; objects such as mirrors and Cu axes were found within Gravess in Susa, the Cu imported from the mountains about 200 kilometers off ( Jennings 2010, 59 ) . Trade would hold ab initio been instituted near by, with colonies in close propinquity to Uruk, before traveling farther out to topographic points with more alien goods. These countries, along with supplying stuffs to another metropolis, would hold had a desire for the forte points being produced in Uruk with the addition of stuffs available. Artifacts of Uruk manner have been found from Egypt to topographic points every bit distant as Pakistan, with advanced clayware from Uruk traded for cherished rocks, gold, and other such stuffs ( Jennings 2010, 67 ) . As Uruk’s influence, as the trade Centre of the period, increase d over clip, the desire to keep the flow of goods into the metropolis precipitated the enlargement of Mesopotamian dregss along the trade path with the constitution of trading outstations ; this development allowed goods to be ferried between colonies instead than over long distances, many of these outstations walled and supplying a safer path for the prestigiousness points ( Jennings 2010, 68 ) . The prevalence of trade made immediate the issue of travel between these outstations, and so along with the usual agencies of conveyance – by pes – more efficient agencies were discovered and put to utilize, such as boats and sleighs ; donkeys were introduced to the profession of trade, as were wheeled vehicles ( Jennings 2010, 69 ; Joffe 1994, 515 ) . Equally good as a more efficient agencies of travel, the first signifier of authorship was developed in Uruk ; this was economic, and developed because of the increasing prevalence of trade. In response to the laterality of trade, Uruk underwent a monolithic enlargement of its boundary lines. Many colonies that have been identified by several historiographers as trading settlements were set up along common Uruk trading paths, and architecture characteristic to Uruk has been found in little communities along the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, on the outskirts of Mesopotamia ( Algaze 1989, 571-608 ; Surenhagen 1986 ) . Some colonial outstations had become more than simple stop-overs for going bargainers, and had accumulated plenty wealth to justify protection by tall rock walls ( Jennings 2010, 68 ) . A chief cause of enlargement in Uruk was increased specialization in the production of goods. The increased handiness of prestige stuffs due to success in trade led to an inflow of people, both impermanent occupants – from trading colonies – and lasting occupants – from colonies that were incorporated into the metropolis of Uruk, under bid of the new-found elite. Equally good as external colonies, people were likely traveling into the metropolis with the hopes of thriving in their peculiar trade and providing to increased demand for luxury points. The alteration in the fabrication of fabrics, from flax to wool, is an illustration of the specialization that occurred, and is possibly one of the more important cases: woolly sheep were introduced from the North, and woollen cloths had many advantages, including the easiness with which they took dye ( Jennings 2010, 65 ) . The coloring of cloth was particularly of import in this new age of increasing societal stratification, and wool was besides far more convenient as it took far less attempt for laborers to bring forth ( Jennings 2010, 65 ) . Another root of the quickly increasing population of Uruk, unrelated to stuffs, is an inflow of refugees from fall ining city states in Sumer, but this can besides be attributed to the rise in power and influence of Uruk, its wealth and prosperity ma intaining it afloat where other metropoliss failed ( Jennings 2010, 69 ) . Equally good as trade and subsequent enlargement flowering from the desire for natural stuffs, a profound alteration in societal fortunes occurred. With a booming economic system within Uruk, as the Centre of trade during this period, societal stratification began to happen, with degrees being distinguished between the elite and the on the job category. The distribution of wealth was a major factor, those with the most holding places of power within the trading Centre. The development of composing farther separated the categories, as acquisition to compose would hold been something that was restricted to the elite, but what was most of import, as Algaze says, was economic distinction, as economic distinction leads to societal distinction ( 2001, 204 ) . There are many illustrations of differences between societal categories, one being a list of professions found widely, from Uruk to Ebla, ordered harmonizing to the rank of rubrics held by the elite ( Nissen 1986, 329 ) . This list na mes leaders of peculiar groups, from presidents, courtiers, and embassadors, to priests, nurserymans, bakers and throwers ( Nissen 1986,329 ) . Through this list and others like it – as it is the most extremely reproduced list from the period – it is possible to see the rigorous hierarchy that developed in Uruk with lifting wealth position. Another index of position can be seen in the grave goods, mentioned above. With the Uruk period came a move off from the old Ubaid period-style of entombments, and the inclusion of sedate goods began, which was another distinguishable symbol of position. With a more affluent civilization, more luxuriant entombments became common, and the more luxuriant the grave goods included, the higher the position of the resident of the grave. Another new thought displayed in this period was that of the person, and single ownership displayed by clay seals ; these were used to track traded goods and grade ownership, and this thought was non conta ined to Uruk. A broad assortment of seals have been found within Uruk and without, subsequently conforming to other social manners, their visual aspect altering circumstantially but keeping the original Uruk ideals ( Nissen 1986, 320 ) . A metropolis can merely spread out to a certain extent, and this applies to Uruk. The thrust for trade through the desire for entree to raw stuffs created the chance for Uruk to spread out its influence, its population lifting with its wealth and complexness. Over clip, the lower categories in society were pushed to spread out agribusiness, which intensified to back up the lifting population of specializers who did non bring forth their ain nutrient. This led to over-irrigation, and the one time fertile, rich land of the southern alluvial field was subjected to environmental impairment, which finally led to the prostration of agribusiness ( Algaze 2001, 218 ) . Equally good as the terrible overburdening of the land, Uruk’s lessening in influence can be attributed to a supposed addition in ill will in Mesopotamia as colonies fought for connexions to the trading web ; ill will in the country can be seen in the copiousness of walled colonies, such as Habuba Kabira and Sheikh Hass an ( Jennings 2010, 60 ) . Even as Uruk declined, other countries had been influenced by Uruk’s thoughts, which travelled along with trade stuffs, and little colonies became involved in widespread trade, viing with each other for the more successful trading spouse with high entree to critical stuffs and making lifting force. Equally good as ill will, it appears that Uruk decided to turn away from its dependance on an early planetary economic system based on trade and external variables, from long distance relationships jeopardised by force and competition from and between other provinces, and towards the local economic system. Uruk’s local economic system was able to be managed in a much more efficient manner since the innovation of the authorship system, and so colonies were able to distance themselves from trading and the metropolis, and develop as their ain entities ( Jennings 2010, 71 ) . But even as Uruk’s methods were embraced by some, other countries such as Tepe Gawra rejected many of the rules which other topographic points were so eager to take up, and this is displayed by the low sum of Uruk-style clayware that was found in the country, while at the same clip in many other parts these types of goods were quickly go arounding ; this part besides maintained their ain distinguishable manner of entombment, non conforming to the new Uruk manner ( Jennings 2010, 72 ) . Uruk was an country with low entree to raw stuffs, and it displayed an astonishing ability to accommodate to its fortunes and specify a new manner of life which would distribute across Mesopotamia. Trade provided it entree to the luxury stuffs it required, and this gave birth to a rapid period of enlargement and wealth, which created the first known grounds of social stratification. The limited entree to critical stuffs, though non the lone variable, was the trigger for the rise and eventual autumn of the metropolis of Uruk.

Correct area Essays

Correct area Essays Correct area Essay Correct area Essay My strengths are as an opening bowler is speed, power, and accuracy. These come as package as a pace opening bowler. Speed and power are my main ingredients to success with wickets. Accuracy with line and length is also up there. Pitching the ball on off stump is my target every ball with swing or no swing. I do achieve this target more times than not. So this makes me an accurate bowler. Also I believe I have a good follow through with the jump before the release of the ball. I feel this is my best part as a fast bowler. My jump and release of the ball is excellent. My jump and the releasing the ball are very fast and swift. The swiftness is picked up from the momentum from the run up. My fluent jump adds to the line and length and power of my deliveries. I have a very strong run up, which builds up my force to the delivery. At the very beginning of my run up I have my target, which is off stump. I keep this target in mind and vision. This can be hard when jumping but having a straight head improves the chances of achieving my target. This is also brings out the best follow through after the ball has released. I am alert for any shots played back at me for a caught and bowled wicket. Strength of mine is that I am quite an aggressive bowler, with my speed I hope to baffle my opponent. The aggression is built up with my commanding run up and the speed of the ball bowled. The power generated with my right arm is what I hope to beat the batsmen with. This is what I think is the sting in my attack. The type of bowling that best suits me is straight bowling. I can bowl full and short but more times than not it is a good length. Analyse and identify in detail the weaknesses of the player/ competitor/ participant or self.  My weaknesses are as a fast opening bowler that I am not consistent with my bowling, especially to do with length of the ball. Improving on consistency will make me a much better and effective opening bowler. Consistency leads to improved confidence, accurate bowling, success in wickets, maiden overs, and enhanced line and length. A good line and length is the line is the direction of the ball in accordance to the batsmans stumps, while the length is the area of the pitch where the ball bounces. Bowling consistently around this area will increase my chances of taking a wicket. My line will also depend on whether the ball is swinging in the air or seaming off the pitch. Most batsmen like the ball wide outside off stump or on or around leg stump, so I should avoid bowling in those areas too much. These are the consequences of not bowling a good length. The length of the ball will determine whether the batsman will play on the front or back foot. Length depends on the type of bowler; as I am a fast bowler, I should tend to aim for a shorter length to utilise pace and bounce. However, this is an area of weakness, because I tend to pitch more of a full length. The ideal length for a bowler is one where the batsman is unsure whether to play forward or back. Also I believe another of my weaknesses is to be more accurate with the pitch of my ball with the new ball. I find it hard to control the new ball. The swing is too much for me so my deliveries are a little wayward. The movement of the new ball is what I need to improve on. Also at the end of the innings I can sometimes under perform in pressure, especially if it is going to decide the outcome of the game This does lead to a couple of wides and therefore extras. Another weakness is that I have no variation in my bowling. Variation in my opening as an opening bowler is ideal. The batsmen will get easily familiar to my bowling and therefore get easy runs from me. I can vary with my bowling with the slower ball, off cutter and the odd yorker. This will come with more confidence and ability to bowl it accurately. A final weakness of mine is bowling to left handers. I find it hard to change the line and length to the left handed batsmen, this leads to me giving more extras away. Comparing to a perfect model can be one of my weaknesses. I do not have a perfect model. Having a perfect model does lead to more confidence and determination to be like him and to have success just as he has on the pitch. Suggest what training/ practice methods might be used to improve performance. Outline a six week training/practice programme that will be used to improve performance  There are different types of bowling, fast, swing, seam, spin, and within these categories there are different types again; for example, off spin or away swing. For my six weeks of training Im going to look at fast bowling. Fast bowling means that the bowler is trying his best to unsettle the batsmen with his speed. There are various different skills that make the finished action of bowling and in each one we are looking for specific things. Week 1 In week 1 I am going to concentrate my training on the run- up of my bowling. This is a vital area to perfect because this is the bases of the performers delivery. A strong and fast run up is highly effective to the bowler because the run up allows the bowler to build up the momentum and speed for the delivery. Also the posture of the run up for a fast bowler is key because this gives a slight indication to the batsmen on what type of delivery is expected. This technique is vital because The way in which I am going to train my run up is to do short sprint tests to improve my speed over a short distance. The Bleep Test is crucial here because this enables me to improve on the specific area I need; speed. Speed is hugely important because a very speedy run up allows the maximum output of power and therefore more speed of the delivery which is more likely to give difficulty to the batsmen 90% of the time this is correct however sometimes the rhythm is lost. Occasionally I step out and back in the run up, making a slight curve. This throws off the balance and creates an awkward bouncy run. These are the results of my bowling after 3 overs in week 1, concentrating on my run up only. The thick red line and length, is a perfect line for a right hand batsmen. The dot is the perfect pitch of the ball and the thin red line should follow the direction of the ball after pitched; as it seems outwards.  This is weeks 1s results; I have bowled 3 overs (18 balls) and achieved these results. As you can see, I am not pitching the ball in the correct area/circle. You can also see that at least 44% (8 out of 18) of my deliveries are over pitched or even prove to be a full toss. This can prove to be easy runs for the batsmen. Also, from the results you can see that 30% (6 out of 18) of my deliveries were either short or wide of length. The black cross shows that that was my best ball, the ball which troubled the batsmen the most and was closest to the perfect line and length. In week 2 I am going to concentrate my training on the coil position of my bowling. The coil is the position that the bowler holds after the jump and where his body in the air just before to load. The coil offers the great accuracy on line and length, as this is the stage is where you aim your delivery.  The way in which I am going to train coil motion is to concentrating on the load, do walk through for a full session. Run up should not consist of more than a couple of paces. To start with the action should be slowly walked through, though it can then be developed to a very slow jog. Repeating this motion will gradually build a common rhythm, so that I get used to it and therefore perform it as a learned skill.

Top 3 Secrets to Getting Hired for Any Job

Top 3 Secrets to Getting Hired for Any Job Finding it hard to stay ahead of the competition? Do you feel completely lacking in confidence when it comes to seeking out, applying for, and interviewing at prospective jobs? According to a LinkedIn expert who focuses on market shifts and analyzes how applicants can get ahead of the competition, there are three secrets you should keep in mind while job searching to increase your chances of getting hired for any job. 1. Focus not on who you know, but who your contacts knowThe number of people actively looking for work increased steadily over the past few years. But as of May 2016, 5.5 million jobs were still open. More employers are looking for top class talent and more workers are hoping to switch to better companies or fields. The way to use this to your advantage is to tap into your network. Companies prefer to hire candidates referred by a source they trust. Even if you don’t know someone at a company you’re applying to, figure out who you know that might know some one there.And remember: it’s often not your sister or best friend who’ll land you your next job. It could be anyone: your babysitter’s aunt, your coworker’s former neighbor, etc. First degree connections are great, but not the be all and end all. Think bigger than your immediate circle and branch out to use your whole network. Accept the third degree.2. Focus not on what your degree says, but what you actually knowYour major doesn’t matter that much. Besides, industries are changing so much and so rapidly these days that it is almost impossible to predict what the best field of study would be to land the work that will be most in demand–or how to meet the expanding demands of that industry. Focus on proving yourself to be a lifelong learner. Constantly accept opportunities to build new skills. Choose a field of study that gives you the broadest swatch of skill and knowledge. And then figure out how to put what you know into the proper contex t for any given job. Always think about how your particular group of skills could translate the position you’re applying for, and focus on communicating that.3. Focus on the power you do haveIt can feel powerless to be on the job market, but it doesn’t have to. Advances in technology and the gig economy mean that power is ever-shifting into the hands of job seekers. Be ready to wield it. Keep an eye on the market and be ready to pounce on new opportunities. It soon may be the case that companies come looking for you when you’re in the market for a challenging new opportunity. Until then, keep an open mind, and build your brand.

Politics and Economics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Politics and Economics - Research Paper Example Man is always changing – from his physical traits to his values and cultures. He changes even his way of life in order to cope with his ever changing environment. Because of the changes in his environment, economic resources have become scarce. This is the main reason for us to economize (McConnell & Brue, 2005). We need to make economic choices every day of our life – from choosing our food to eat, deciding what and where to buy our clothes and how much fuel should be filled in our car. And in every decision that we make, we has to forgo an alternative and incur a cost. In our decision makings, we need to consider the prices we have to pay. Prices in the economy may affect individuals’ buying behaviors and decisions. Prices of goods imported to the U.S. may affect the individuals’ decision making. Principles of economics can explain the behaviors of both sellers and consumers towards price changes. We, as consumers, tend to buy more when prices are lower and buy less or even delay buying when prices are high. However, the reported drop in the prices of imported goods could also be attributed to the increase in goods imported to the United States.